What is Optical Fiber?

Optical Fiber? full name is called the optical fiber optical English name is OPTIC FIBER, also called OPTICAL FIBER is pure quartz with a special process to pull into filaments, fiber diameter, even smaller than a human hair, but its ability is very large, in a very short time a huge amount of information transfer.

According to the present level of progress. It has been realized in an optical fiber in the second pass hundreds of the information rate.Moreover, this rate is also far from the fiber transmission rate limits. Planing surface structure and fiber coaxial cable similar to, but didn’t mesh shield. Center is the glass core optical transmission. In the multi-mode fiber, core diameter is 15um-50um. The single-mode fiber core diameter of 8um-10um. Outside the core surrounded by a layer of off-color lower rate than the core glass envelope. In order to keep the core within the fiber. It is the use of the principle of total reflection of light. This signal energy loss. Then the outside is a thin plastic coat to protect the envelope. Fiber is often tied up outside a shell to protect. Cross-sectional area of quartz glass fiber core is very small double concentric cylinder, it crisp texture, easy to break,so out with a protective layer. Currently we usually use the fiber when the bandwidth utilization is
very low. the main reason is the computer are now run by integrated circuits, meaning that the computer is within the transmission power of digital signal.

Optical characteristics are: transmission speed, range, contents, and immunity against electromagnetic interferences, not afraid of thunder and lightning hit hard in the external eavesdropping, is not conductive, there is no ground between devices such trouble.

Fiber optic cable is a root of very fine quartz glass fibers, each fiber contained in the number of such glass fiber is the number of fiber core. Number of different specifications of the fiber core is not the same, generally from 2 core, 4 core, 8 core range to hundreds of cores. It also determines the scope and cost of optical fiber applications.

Then, we apply the number of core optical fiber, application of what type of fiber would be suitable then? Experience, most of the trunk optical fiber cores highest proportion of 8-core, and the mean number of trunk optical fiber core is 8-core. In LAN applications, approximately 80% in the form of Ethernet, so most users need a fiber channel requires only 2-core optical fiber transmission tasks can be completed.FDDI and a full 4-core optical fiber loop optical fiber is required. And most users to install fiber optic cabling systems have some redundancy to accommodate future expansion needs. In fact, the number of fiber core is difficult to tell the user what is the demand? Especially in the main application, in the final analysis, it all depends on the number of network equipment and fiber optic cabling fiber optic port on the complexity of installation.

Optical fiber loss can be divided into a fiber made from the natural wear and tear, and after the additional loss caused by conditions of use. Fiber can be divided into single-mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), long-wavelength low drive bulk fiber (LMF), plastic optical fiber (POF) and so are many, the scope of application vary, the most commonly used are the following specifications:

Wavelength:

1920 years ago, people only mastered the long wave and medium wave radio wave section, the application of electromagnetic waves and only the transmission cable, still images and a small amount of the phone. In 1930, it mastered the short wave. After that open up the UHF, microwave and millimeter-wave field, so high-capacity microwave and satellite communications have emerged. In general, almost every ten years to develop and master the human can be a new band.

For wireless communications, the information to rely on electromagnetic waves to transmit.In general, the higher the frequency of electromagnetic waves, can carry the greater amount of information. The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength of the corresponding.It is committed to the development of electromagnetic waves, from the long wave, medium wave to short wave, VHF, microwave, purpose is to send more information.

The figure is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves and names. Can be seen from the figure, light is the wavelength of a few millimeters from zero to about 0.1 micron wavelength range of electromagnetic waves.

Article source:http://www.fiber-optical-networking-products.com/

FiberStore Supply Telephone Line Tester in China

Telephone Line Tester is a new kind of line fault tester with safety & multi-functions capabilities. Besides the functions as a common Tel Line Tester, it also has the functions of high voltage protection and dangerous voltage warning.A phone line tester is used for detecting either digital or analog phone systems as well as the line polarity. Telephone line testers are good for both personal and professional use.

Power Cable Tester Line Track for UTP/STP/Rj11/RJ45 NF-806R

 

Product Description

Function:
1. Trace telephone wire/LAN cable;
2. Trace wire in electrical system;
3. Verify LAN cable condition;
4. Continuity test;
5. Low Battery Indication;
6. Bright white LED flash light.
7. Cable Assignment Test: Open, short and cross of LAN cable, 2-wire (RJ11)/4-wire (RJ45) Telephone cable
8. Cable State Testing (2-wire) : a. Line DC detecting and anode, cathode determination
b. Ringing signal detecting
c. Open, short and cross testing

Product Key features:

1. Find wire on all types of connected operating Ethernet switch /Router/PC terminal;
2. Rapidly find the target wire from among plenty of telephone wires;
3. Rapidly find the target wire from among plenty of network wires;
4. It can take place of cable tester;
5. Compare the volume of the"tout"sound and the brightness of the signal indicator,
Then you can find the target wire which has the highest volume and brightest indicator.

Product Specification:

The max working current:Emitter<=10mA

Receiver<=30mA

Signal transmission format:Multi-frequency impulse

Signal output electric status:8Vp-p

Distance of signal transmission:>=3km

Volume Regulate Function:Yes

Earphone for noise environment:Yes

Sensitive:Induction distance less than 20 mm, strong anti-jamming ability

Storage Temperature:-20 to 50C

Operation Temperature:-10 to 40C

Battery:DC 9V terrace battery

Battery life time:>50hrs continuous use

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Fiberstore supply Cable Tester & Wire Tracker in China

FiberStore supply so many kinds of LAN Network Cable Tester, which are a kind of convenient and comprehensive tool for network professionals, they are always being used to test LAN Datacom and Telecom cables. It find all problems associated with testing such faults as opens, shorts, cable integrity and it also find cable length of individual cables or distance to a fault, and its powerful and user-friendly features enable network installers to accurately check pin configurations of various voice and data communication cables.

 

Product Description

Cable Tester & Wire Tracker NF-308
NF-308 multipurpose network cable test & inspection instrument is the latest cable test & inspection instrument with lots of new functions researched and developed by our company. The equipment is composed of tester (NF-308), receiver (NF-838-R) and remote identifier. The new instrument is provided with fluent appearance, excellent hand feel and considerate human-centered design. It owns three great functions of hunting, wire sorting and circuit status testing and the features of quickness and accuracy, thus, it becomes available tool for technicians in installation and maintenance of weak current system, such as, communication lines, comprehensive wiring circuit, etc. It is widely applicable to telephone system, computer network, other metal wire circuit and other fields.

Key Features

1.One person enough to complete cable continuity check
2.Directly hunt 5E, 6E, telephone wire, coaxial cable, USB cable and other cables
3.Check wiring error in 5E, 6E telephone line, coaxial cable, USB cable and such as open circuit, short 4.circuit, jumper wire, reverse connection or cross-talk interference
5.Locate the wiring or connection error
6.Measure cable length and determine the distance f open circuit and short circuit
7.Dynamically calibrate cable length and make length measurement as accurate as 97%
8.Simple and use. Big screen to display test result clear
9.Portable unit with long battery life ( wait-case 50 hours)
10.Automatically time-delay shut off and backlight display function
11.Measure length and pair with or without far-end recognizer
12.Locate cable and there are 8 far-end passive test jacks (ID No. ID1-ID8)
13.Far-end recognizer with prompting voice
14.Self-checking function and automatically compensate and change in battery capacity or ambient temperature
15.Single board computer software watchdog design and reliable operation

Specifications

1.Overall dimension: Main tester: 185*105*50 MM; Receiver: 218*46*29 MM; Remote identifier: 84*34*27MM
2.Power: Two laminated batteries of 9V
3.Display: Special 4*16character big screen LCD lattice (valid visual field 61.6*25.2MM)
4.Type of cable tested: STP / UPT twin twisted cable, coaxial cable, telephone line
5.Type of cable detected: 5E, 6E telephone wire, coaxial cable, USB cable and other metal wires
6.Ambient temperature in work: -10 centigrade to + 60 centigrade
7.Tester Port:Tester RJ45 master port (M), tester LOOPBAXK RJ45 port (L), hunting RJ45 port (with RJ45);Remote identifier RJ45 Port (R); The extra BNC and RJ11 converters are used to measure and check the continuity of coaxial cable and check the continuity of coaxial cable and telephone line.
8.Length measurement of Twin Twisted Cable: Scope: 1-350 M (3~200 ft);Calibration accuracy: 3% (+/- 0.5M or +/-1.5 ft) (calibrating cable > 5M);Shipment accuracy: 5% (+/- 0.5M or +/-1.5 ft) (AMP, AT&T Class 5 cable);Display: M or ft
9.Length Calibration : User can set calibration factor by himself by a given length cable. The length of calibrating cable is more than 5M
10.Wire Sequence and Locating Cable Error : Check errors such as open circuit, short circuit, reverse connection, cross over or cross-talk interference.
11.Locating Cable:8 Remote identifier test jacks (ID 1 ≥ ID 8)
12.Automatic Time-delay Shut Off Time: The tester does not operate for 30 minutes

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Providing A Fiber Optic Light Source

Today low loss fiber optic systems offer almost unlimited bandwidth and unique advantages over all previously developed transmission media. The basic optical transmitters convert electrical signals into modulated used as the light source in optical transmitters are light emitting diode. Fiber optic light source make a good use of this, as light emitting diodes have relatively large emitting areas and used for moderate distances. Fiber optic light source prove to be economical.

A fiber optic light source device is mounted on a package that enables optical fiber to couple as much light as possible into the fiber. In some possible a tiny spherical lens is also fitted to collect and focus each possible light onto the fiber. LED’s i.e. light emitting diode and light diodes operate in infrared portion of electromagnetic spectrum. their operating wavelengths are chosen according to the need. Fiber optic light source is reliable and the most common wavelengths used by fiber optic light source today are 850 to 1300 nanometers or in some cases even 1500 nanometers. Both LED’s and LD’s (light diodes) are available in three wavelengths.

There are two methods through which light can be coupled into the fiber optic light source. One is by pig-tailing and the other is placing the fiber’s tip in very close proximity to an LED or LD. Since the only carrier in these systems is light there is no danger of electrical shock to the personnel repairing broken fibers.

Main function of Fiber Light Source is to enable the light pulses move in fiber and works on the principle of total internal reflection, which states that when the angle of incidence exceeds a critical value light can’t get out of the glass instead it bounces back. The fiber optic light source works on this principle as it enables to transmit information down fiber lines in the form of light pulses.

There are many kinds of sources available that act as a fiber optic light source. A fiber optic light source usually comes in a rugged splash proof case and has single switch operation. A fiber optic light source has combination source for showing on or low battery. A single battery in a fiber optic light source supplies over 850 nm and 1300 nm fiber optic light source supply. They provide 40 dB measurement ranges when used with Fiber OWL or Micro OWL. There are also laser models available in This category.

In case of 1310 nm or 1550 nm output supplies which are temperature compensated, a single battery provides over 60 hours of operation. It provides 50sB measurement range when used with Fiber OWL or Micro OWL.

Source:http://www.fiber-optical-networking-products.com/

Fiber Specifications

The usual fiber specifications you will see are size, attenuation and bandwidth. While manufacturers have other specs that concern them, like numerical aperture (the acceptance angle of light into the fiber), ovality (how round the fiber is), concentricity of the core and cladding, etc., these specs do not affect you.

Fiber Itself

Fiber Optics, as we said, is sending signals down hair-thin strands of glass or plastic fiber. The light is “guided” down the center of the fiber called the “core”. The core is surrounded by a optical material called the “cladding” that traps the light in the core using an optical technique called “total internal reflection.” The core and cladding are usually made of ultra-pure glass, although some fibers are all plastic or a glass core and plastic cladding. The fiber is coated with a protective plastic covering called the “primary buffer coating” that protects it from moisture and other damage. More protection is provided by the “cable” which has the fibers and strength members inside an outer covering called a “jacket”.

Multimode & Singlemode Fibers

Multimode & Singlemode fiber are the two types of fiber in common use. Both fibers are 125 microns in outside diameter – a micron is one one-millionth of a meter and 125 microns is 0.005 inches- a bit larger than the typical human hair.
Multimode fiber has light traveling in the core in many rays, called modes. It has a bigger core (almost always 62.5 microns, but sometimes 50 microns ) and is used with LED sources at wavelengths of 850 and 1300 nm (see below!) for slower local area networks (LANs) and lasers at 850 and 1310 nm for networks running at gigabits per second or more.
Singlemode fiber has a much smaller core, only about 9 microns, so that the light travels in only one ray. It is used for telephony and CATV with laser sources at 1300 and 1550 nm.
Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) is large core ( about 1mm) fiber that can only be used for short, low speed networks.

Step index multimode was the first fiber design but is too slow for most uses, due to the dispersion caused by the different path lengths of the various modes. Step index fiber is rare – only POF uses a step index design today.

Graded index multimode fiber uses variations in the composition of the glass in the core to compensate for the different path lengths of the modes. It offers hundreds of times more bandwidth than step index fiber – up to about 2 gigahertz.

Singlemode fiber shrinks the core down so small that the light can only travel in one ray. This increases the bandwidth to almost infinity – but it’s practically limited to about 100,000 gigahertz – that’s still a lot!

Size Matters

Fiber, as we said, comes in two types, singlemode and multimode. Except for fibers used in specialty applications, singlemode fiber can be considered as one size and type. If you deal with long haul telecom customers, you may have to work with manufacturers on specialty singlemode fibers.

Multimode fibers originally came in several sizes, optimized for various networks and sources, but the data industry standardized on 62.5 core fiber in the mid-80s (62.5/125 fiber has a 62.5 micron core and a 125 micron cladding.) Recently, as gigabit and 10 gigabit networks have become widely used, an old fiber has been revived. The 50/125 fiber was used from the late 70s with lasers for telecom applications before singlemode fiber became available. It offers higher bandwidth with the laser sources used in the gigabit LANs and can go longer distances. While it still represents a smaller volume than 62.5/125, it is growing.

CAUTION: You cannot mix and match fibers! Trying to connect singlemode to multimode fiber can cause 20 dB loss – that’s 99% of the power. Even connections between 62.5/125 and 50/125 can cause loss of 3 dB or more – over half the power.

More fiber optic products information please visit: www.fiberstore.com

FiberStore supply 10G Simplex Pigtail in China

Fiber optic pigtail is a fiber cable end with fiber optic connectors at only one side of the cable while leave the other side no connectors, so that the connector side can link to the equipment and the other side can be melted with optical cable fibers. Optical fiber pigtails are used to achieve accurate mounting for precision alignment of fiber optical components. Fiber optic pigtails are usually used with fiber optic management equipment like ODF, splice closures and cross cabinets.
Most commonly used types are SC fiber optic pigtail, ST fiber optic pigtail,FC fiber optic pigail, LC fiber optic pigtail ,MT-RJ fiber optic pigtail,SC/APC fiber optic pigtail, FC/APC fiber optic pigtail and E2000 fiber optic pigtail.

Product Description:

3M Simplex 2.0mm 10G 50/125 Multimode LC/SC/ST/FC Pigtail

Fiber pigtail cables provide a fast way to make factory terminations in the field. Factory terminated pigtails can easily be fusion or mechanically spliced to an existing fiber line.
FiberStore.COM provide wide degree flexibility on fiber pigtails, including single-mode, multimode and 10G 50/125um OM3 types, simplex fiber, 4 fibers, 6 fibers, 8 fibers, 12 fibers, 24 fibers, 48 fibers and so on. These fiber pigtails can be with fan-out kits and full compliant to Telcordia, EIA/TIA and IEC standards.

Product Key Features

Low insertion loss and back reflection loss
Good exchangeability
Good Durability
High temperature stability
Compliant to IEC, TIA/EIA, NTT and JIS specifications

Product Specifications

These 10G 50/125, 2.0mm simplex fiber pigtails have an ST or SC, FC, LC connector on one end. They are commonly used for splicing on to outside plant or riser rated fiber optic cables. The pigtails are 3 meters in length.

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FiberStore Supply 25km Industrial RS485/RS422/RS232 SC Fiber Modem

FiberStore supply a range of Fiber optic data modem,such as RS-232/RS-485/RS-422 Fiber Optic Modem ,multimode or single-mode fiber, transmission distance up to 2km (multimode) or up to 20km/40km/60km (single-mode).

Brief Description: Fiber Modem Industrial RS485/RS422/RS232 to Fiber Converter Single-mode 1310nm SC 25km

 

Product Description:

Manufacturer: FiberStore Co., Ltd
Type: RS485/RS422/RS232 to Fiber Converter
Enclosure: External Power supply
Package: paper box
Order includes:
1 X USER MANUAL
1 X AC ADAPTER
1 X ITEM---Fiber Modem

Key Features:

Auto sense serial signal rate
Zero delay automatic transmit
Supply three inferface (RS485/RS422/RS232), NOT at the same time.
Single-mode 25KM (Multimode 2km, Single-mode 20km, 40km, 60km also available)
SC Connectors (ST also available)
ISO 9001 manufacturing facility
Lifetime Product Warranty

Specifications

Standard: EIA RS-485,RS422, RS232 standard
RS232 signal: IN, OUT, GND
RS422 signal: R+, R-, T+, T-, GND
RS-485 signal: D+, D-, GND
Fiber signal: IN, OUT
Working format: Asynchronism, point to point or multi-point
Direction control:Adopt automatic send data control, auto distinguish and control data transfer direction
Band rate: 0-500Kbps, auto serial band rate test
Fiber wavelength: Single-mode 1310nm
Electric port transmission: RS-485/422 port 1200M, RS232 port 15M
Optic port transmission: Signal-mode 25KM
Loading: RS-485/422 port support 32 port loop environment (or hand tailor 128 point)
Interface protection: 600W surge protection, 15KV static protection
Electricity connector: 8 terminal block
Dimension: 100mm*69mm*22mm
Input Power: 5-40VAC
Consumption: 2W

If you want to know more fiber optic products information please visit www.fiberstore.com

Fiber Optic Cable Design

An Fiber optic Cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed.

Fiber Optical consists of a core and a cladding layer, selected for total internal reflection due to the difference in the refractive index between the two. In practical fibers, the cladding is usually coated with a layer of acrylate polymer or polyimide. This coating protects the fiber from damage but does not contribute to its optical waveguide properties. Individual coated fibers then have a tough resin buffer layer and/or core tube extruded around them to form the cable core. Several layers of protective sheathing, depending on the application, are added to form the cable. Rigid fiber assemblies sometimes put light-absorbing ("dark") glass between the fibers, to prevent light that leaks out of one fiber from entering another. This reduces cross-talk between the fibers, or reduces flare in fiber bundle imaging applications.

For indoor applications, the jacketed fiber is generally enclosed, with a bundle of flexible fibrous polymer strength members like aramid, in a lightweight plastic cover to form a simple cable. Each end of the cable may be terminated with a specialized Fiber Optic connector to allow it to be easily connected and disconnected from transmitting and receiving equipment.

For use in more strenuous environments, a much more robust cable construction is required. In loose-tube construction the fiber is laid helically into semi-rigid tubes, allowing the cable to stretch without stretching the fiber itself. This protects the fiber from tension during laying and due to temperature changes. Loose-tube fiber may be "dry block" or gel-filled. Dry block offers less protection to the fibers than gel-filled, but costs considerably less. Instead of a loose tube, the fiber may be embedded in a heavy polymer jacket, commonly called "tight buffer" construction. Tight buffer cables are offered for a variety of applications, but the two most common are "Breakout" and "Distribution". Breakout cables normally contain a ripcord, two non-conductive dielectric strengthening members, an aramid yarn, and 3 mm buffer tubing with an additional layer of Kevlar surrounding each fiber. The ripcord is a parallel cord of strong yarn that is situated under the jacket of the cable for jacket removal. Distribution cables have an overall Kevlar wrapping, a ripcord, and a 900 micrometer buffer coating surrounding each fiber. These fiber units are commonly bundled with additional steel strength members, again with a helical twist to allow for stretching.

A critical concern in Outdoor Fiber Optic Cable is to protect the fiber from contamination by water. This is accomplished by use of solid barriers such as copper tubes, and water-repellent jelly or water-absorbing powder surrounding the fiber.

Finally, the cable may be armored to protect it from environmental hazards, such as construction work or gnawing animals. Undersea cables are more heavily armored in their near-shore portions to protect them from boat anchors, fishing gear, and even sharks, which may be attracted to the electrical power that is carried to power amplifiers or repeaters in the cable.

Modern cables come in a wide variety of sheathings and armor, designed for applications such as direct burial in trenches, dual use as power lines, installation in conduit, lashing to aerial telephone poles, submarine installation, and insertion in paved streets.

This article reproduce: http://www.fiber-optic-components.com/

How Does OTDR Work?

OTDRs are always used on OSP cables to verify the loss of each splice. But they are also used as troubleshooting tools. Let's look at how an OTDR works and see how it can help testing and troubleshooting. When you finish this section, see Understanding OTDR for a more detailed explanation.

Unlike sources and power meters which measure the loss of the fiber optic cable plant directly, the OTDR works indirectly. The source and meter duplicate the transmitter and receiver of the fiber optic transmission link, so the measurement correlates well with actual system loss.
The OTDR, however, uses backscattered light of the fiber to imply loss. The OTDR works like RADAR, sending a high power laser light pulse down the fiber and looking for return signals from backscattered light in the fiber itself or reflected light from connector or splice interfaces.
At any point in time, the light the OTDR sees is the light scattered from the pulse passing through a region of the fiber. Only a small amount of light is scattered back toward the OTDR, but with sensitive receivers and signal averaging, it is possible to make measurements over relatively long distances. Since it is possible to calibrate the speed of the pulse as it passes down the fiber, the OTDR can measure time, calculate the pulse position in the fiber and correlate what it sees in backscattered light with an actual location in the fiber. Thus it can create a display of the amount of backscattered light at any point in the fiber.
Since the pulse is attenuated in the fiber as it passes along the fiber and suffers loss in connectors and splices, the amount of power in the test pulse decreases as it passes along the fiber in the cable plant under test. Thus the portion of the light being backscattered will be reduced accordingly, producing a picture of the actual loss occurring in the fiber. Some calculations are necessary to convert this information into a display, since the process occurs twice, once going out from the OTDR and once on the return path from the scattering at the test pulse.

There is a lot of information in an OTDR display. The slope of the fiber trace shows the attenuation coefficient of the fiber and is calibrated in dB/km by the OTDR. In order to measure fiber attenuation, you need a fairly long length of fiber with no distortions on either end from the OTDR resolution or overloading due to large reflections. If the fiber looks nonlinear at either end, especially near a reflective event like a connector, avoid that section when measuring loss.
Connectors and splices are called "events" in OTDR jargon. Both should show a loss, but connectors and mechanical splices will also show a reflective peak so you can distinguish them from fusion splices. Also, the height of that peak will indicate the amount of reflection at the event, unless it is so large that it saturates the OTDR receiver. Then peak will have a flat top and tail on the far end, indicating the receiver was overloaded. The width of the peak shows the distance resolution of the OTDR, or how close it can detect events.

OTDRs can also detect problems in the cable caused during installation. If a fiber is broken, it will show up as the end of the fiber much shorter than the cable or a high loss splice at the wrong place. If excessive stress is placed on the cable due to kinking or too tight a bend radius, it will look like a splice at the wrong location.

OTDR Limitations
The limited distance resolution of the OTDR makes it very hard to use in a LAN or building environment where cables are usually only a few hundred meters long. The OTDR has a great deal of difficulty resolving features in the short cables of a LAN and is likely to show "ghosts" from reflections at connectors, more often than not simply confusing the user.

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Application of Fiber Optic Connector

Fiber Optic connectors are used to join optical fibers where a connect/disconnect capability is required. The basic connector unit is a connector assembly. A connector assembly consists of an adapter and two connector plugs. Due to the polishing and tuning procedures that may be incorporated into optical connector manufacturing, connectors are generally assembled onto optical fiber in a supplier’s manufacturing facility. However, the assembly and polishing operations involved can be performed in the field, for example, to make cross-connect jumpers to size.

Optical fiber connectors are used in telephone company central offices, at installations on customer premises, and in outside plant applications. Connectors are used to connect equipment and cables, or to cross-connect cables within a system.

Most optical fiber connectors are spring-loaded. The end faces of the fibers in the two connectors are pressed together, resulting in a direct glass to glass or plastic to plastic contact. This avoids a trapped layer of air between two fibers, which would increase connector insertion loss and reflection loss.

Every fiber connection has two values :

* Attenuation or insertion loss
* Reflection or return loss.

Measurements of these parameters are now defined in IEC standard 61753-1. The standard gives five grades for insertion loss from A (best) to D (worst), and M for multimode. The other parameter is return loss, with grades from 1 (best) to 5 (worst).

A variety of optical fiber connectors are available, but SC and LC connectors are the most common types of connectors on the market. Typical connectors are rated for 500–1,000 mating cycles.[1] The main differences among types of connectors are dimensions and methods of mechanical coupling. Generally, organizations will standardize on one kind of connector, depending on what equipment they commonly use. Different connectors are required for multimode, and for single-mode fibers.

In datacom and telecom applications nowadays small connectors (e.g., LC) and multi-fiber connectors (e.g., MTP) are replacing the traditional connectors (e.g., SC), mainly to provide a higher number of fibers per unit of rack space.

Features of a good connector design:

* Low Insertion Loss
* Low Return Loss
* Ease of installation
* Low cost
* Reliability
* Low environmental sensitivity
* Ease of use

Outside plant applications may involve locating connectors underground in subsurface enclosures that may be subject to flooding, on outdoor walls, or on utility poles. The closures that enclose them may be hermetic, or may be free-breathing. Hermetic closures will subject the connectors within to temperature swings but not to humidity variations unless they are breached. Free-breathing closures will subject them to temperature and humidity swings, and possibly to condensation and biological action from airborne bacteria, insects, etc. Connectors in the underground plant may be subjected to groundwater immersion if the closures containing them are breached or improperly assembled.

Depending on user requirements, housings for outside plant applications may be tested by the manufacturer under various environmental simulations, which could include physical shock and vibration, water spray, water immersion, dust, etc. to ensure the integrity of optical fiber connections and housing seals.

If you want to know more fiber optic products please pay attention to my blog or Fiberstore.

Fiber Optic Joint Closure Could Be The Products Accustomed to Supply Area to Be Able to Join Splice

Fibers optic join closure could be the products accustomed to supply area to be able to join splice to prevent dietary fiber also to provide protects for the fused fiber shared point and also the fibers wires. Typical dietary fiber optic join drawing a line under and also top to bottom variety and also side type, there are various forms of fiber join closures go well with for several apps, like aerial, duct soluble fiber cords as well as one on one laid to rest. Typically, fibers optic join closures are widely-used out-of-doors, incidents where utilized marine.

Fiber Optic Join Closing Types

With regard to outdoors seed join closure, there’s two significant kinds: horizontal join closing as well as top to bottom splice closing.

1.Horizontal type

Side to side varieties drawing a line under seem like a designated as well as round scenario, they feature area and also security regarding fiber optic wire splicing and also combined. They can be fitted aerial, laid to rest, or subterranean apps. Horizontally types are widely-used more frequently than up and down sort (dome kind) closures.

Most horizontally Fiber Splice Closure can easily fit a huge selection of Fiber Optic connector. They are built to be water-proof and mud substantiation. They are often utilized in temp ranging from -40C for you to 85C, may cater to Seventy to 106 kpa stress along with the case usually are created from high tensile development plastic material.

2.Top to bottom Kind

Straight form of fibers optic join closure seems like a new dome, therefore also, they are named dome kind. That they meed the same specs as the horizontal kinds. They may be created for laid to rest apps.

Programs

Splice closures offer area pertaining to splicing out of doors fiber cords collectively. Dietary fiber optic join trays are expected way too. They provide the right security pertaining to outside grow dietary fiber wire important joints.

Fiber optic splice closure recognize equally lace and round fibers cords. Every sort (bows or perhaps spherical cable) suits respective feature distinct dietary fiber splicing number. They may be traditionally used throughout fiber optic telecommunication programs.

This article reproduced: http://www.fiber-optic-components.com/

What is a Fiber Optic Splice Tray?

Fiber optic fusion and mechanical splices are placed in mechanical closures that are referred to as "splice enclosures", "splicing trays" or "splicing organizers". Fiber Splice Closure trays are designed to provide a location to store and to protect the fiber cables and the splices.

Fiber Optic Splice Closure trays are located at intermediate points along a route where cables are required to be joined or at the termination and patch panel points at the end of fiber cable runs.

Splice trays normally hold up to 12 splices, and several trays are used together to splice a large fiber cable. Each tray provides space for mounting fiber splice protectors and excess fiber.

Fiber buffer tubes enter the splice tray at one end only. At this end, the buffer tubes stop and are secured to the tray where the individual fibers are exposed.

If some fibers need to be routed to a different tray, proper buffer tube Fiber Splitter should be used. Unprotected fibers should not be exposed outside the splice tray.

Fiber splice trays can be optical wavelength sensitive. A splice tray designed for only 810nm wavelengths may cause optical loss if 1550nm wavelengths are used. So check your splice tray manufacturer's specification before use it.

To add splice trays, align the tray pins with the holes in the base bracket. Squeeze the tray pins and slip the tray into the base bracket.

To remove splice trays, reverse this procedure. Use a screwdriver to pry the hinge away from the bracket if necessary or as required.

How to Distinguish Between Multi-mode Fiber Pigtail

How to distinguish between multi-mode fiber pigtail. Multimode fiber pigtailed multimode pigtail is what we often say. Below, we look at the foundation knowledge pigtail.

Pigtail known as pigtail cable, as long as the end of the convergence of the head and the other end is the core of the breakage of a fiber optic cable connected to the other fiber optic cable core, after welding, often has the fiber optic terminal box, for the convergence of cable and fiber optic transceiversdevice (also used between the coupler, patch cords, etc.). [Referrals related products: STST multimode pigtail, SCSC multimode pigtail, FCSC single-mode pigtail]

Pigtail into multimode pigtail singlemode pigtail. Single-mode pigtails yellow, two kinds of 1310nm and 1550nm wavelength, the transmission interval for the 10km and 40km respectively. Multi-mode fiber pigtail is orange, a wavelength of 850nm, the transmission interval of 500m, for the short interval Internet.

Pigtail role for the convergence of the fiber at both ends of the connector pigtail end of the welding with fiber optic connectors, connected to the other end through a special connector (ST, SC, LC, MTRJ) and fiber-optic transceiver or fiber optic module, constitute the optical data transmission pathway. ST connector ordinary are the first coupler adapter, and then converge to the fiber-optic transceiver or fiber optic module.

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Bare Fiber Adapter

Fiber Optic adapter is one of the most commonly used product use in the fiber optics network, it is used for connection between various fiber connectors, fiber patch cord, fiber pigtail,etc.Fiber Adapters (mating sleeve) allow users to couple from one fiber connector type to another same type. Bare Fiber adapters are used as a quick and easy means to temporarily terminate cable to enable testing to be carried out.

Bare fiber adapters are used as the medium to link the bare optical fiber to fiber optic equipment. The bare fiber optic adapters have the bare optical fiber inside on one side; the other side of the adapter is a connector that can plug into the equipment. We supply SC, FC and ST bare fiber adapters, they are used to quickly and easily terminate the fiber to the equipment.

Bare fiber adapters apply to Temporarily connactorizes bare fiber;Testing bare fiber, fiber on the reel, fiber before and after installation; Production line of fiber optic devices; For fast and temporary fiber optic connection in communication system; Temporary connections to OTDRs, Power Meters, Talk sets, Demo Equipment and Dark Fiber.

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A Pair of BIDI WDM Single Fiber 1000Base Gigabit Media Converter

Product Description:

Fiber media converters are simple networking devices that make it possible to connect two dissimilar media types such as twisted pair with fiber optic cabling. Fiber media converters can be used anywhere in the network to integrate newer technology with existing equipment to support new applications, technologies and future growth. Instead of costly, across-the-board upgrades, media converters can extend the productive life of the existing cabling as well as the active equipment.

FiberStore.COM supply 10/100Base Ethernet Fiber Media Converters, 1000Base Gigabit Fiber Media Converter,SFP Fiber Media Converter, Options in singlemode dual fiber, multimode dual fiber and singlemode single fiber. We also supply Media Coverter Chassis, like 14 slot media converter chassis and 16 slot media converter chassis, used to manage the various media converters.

Product key features:

1.10/100/1000Mbps auto-negotiation
2.Supports IEEE 802.3x full-duplex flow control and back pressure half-duplex flow control
3.Supports MAC self-learning
4.Standards: IEEE802.3, IEEE802.3u, IEEE802.3x, 10/100Base-TX, 100Base-FX, 10/100/1000Base-TX, 5.1000Base-FX/LX
6.Port base VLAN
7.LED status of Link, activity, Full/half duplex, speed and power on diagnostic function
8.Extremely low power consumption and low heat
9.Reliable and stable performance

Product specifications:

1.UTP Port: 2-port RJ45
2.UTP Rate: 10/100/1000Mbps
3.Fiber Port: Simplex SC
4.Fiber Rate: 1000Mbps
5.Fiber Wavelength: 1310/1550nm
6.Fiber Mode: Single-mode
7.Distance: 20km
8.LED Indicator: TX LINK, FX LINK, TX ACT, FX ACT, PWR, FDX.
9.Power Supply: External
10.Working Temperature: -20~75°C
11.Relative Humidity: 5%~90%

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How To Distinguish The Pros And Cons Of The Fiber Optic Cable

How to distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of fiber optic cable? What types of fiber optic cable it? Cable manufacturer which is it? Regular cable manufacturers generally use the manufacturers of core, some low-cost low-quality fiber optic cable commonly used C-class D-class fiber and unsolicited smuggling fiber, these fibers due to the complex sources, the factory a long time, and often have damp color, and multi-mode fiber often mixed with single-mode fiber, the general lack of small factories the necessary testing equipment, not to make judgments on the quality of the fiber. The naked eye can not distinguish this fiber construction in touch often to the question is: very narrow band, the transmission distance is short; uneven thickness and not pigtail docking; fiber lack of flexibility in the time of the disk fiber curved off.

Through the skin to distinguish: Indoor fiber optic cable commonly used poly the recorded ethylene or flame-retardant poly recorded vinyl exterior surfaces shall be smooth, shiny, flexible and easy to peel. Poor quality of the cable jacket finish is not good, easy and inside the sleeve, Kevlar adhesion. Outdoor PE sheath of the cable should be high quality black vinyl into the cable skin smooth, bright, uniform thickness, no small bubbles. Skin is generally of poor quality cable manufactured using recycled materials, which can bring considerable cost savings, this fiber optic cable is not smooth epidermis, due to a lot of impurities within the raw material, the cable jacket made ​​out of a lot of fine pits wow, long time to crack into the water.

Through the strengthening of the steel wire to distinguish: Regular manufacturer of outdoor cable wire phosphating treatment, surface gray, this wire into the cable does not increase hydrogen damage, no rust, high strength. Poor-quality fiber optic cable is generally replaced with thin wire or aluminum wire, the identification method is very easy - the appearance of white and pinch in your hand can be bent. Production and use of such wire, fiber optic hydrogen loss, a long time, two hanging cable box will rust fracture. Formal production enterprises to adopt a double-sided brush longitudinal dressing pattern of the anti-rust paint strip, low-quality fiber optic cable used in an ordinary metal, usually only one side for rust treatment.

Through loose tube to distinguish between: Loose tube fiber optic cable installed with optical fiber should be used PBT materials, such casing strength, deformation, and aging. Generally low-quality fiber optic cable with PVC do casing, the casing outside diameter thin hand pinch flat, a bit like a drink straw.

Instrument manufacturers tell you to distinguish between fiber paste: outdoor fiber optic cable within the fiber paste can prevent the oxidation of fiber due to water vapor into the damp, etc., using low-quality fiber optic fiber paste rarely seriously affect the life of the optical fiber.

Aramid to distinguish between: Indoor fiber optic cable and overhead power cables using aramid yarn strength member, aramid high cost of poor quality indoor fiber optic cable is generally the outer diameter is very thin, so you can use less several strands of aramid cost savings. This fiber optic cable is very easy to wear tube pulled off. ADSS cable is based on the span, per second wind speed to determine the use of aramid fiber optic cable, usually dare not cut corners.

Selection of fiber optic cable in addition to depending on the type of fiber count and fiber, but also the use of the environment of the cable to select the cable outer sheath. Should use armored cable, outdoor fiber optic cable directly buried. Overhead may make use of fiber optic cable with two or more ribs, black plastic outer sheath. Fiber optic cable within the building should be in the selection of attention to the fire, poison and smoke characteristics. Generally in the pipeline or forced ventilation at the choice of flame-retardant fiber optic cable. Building vertical cabling, you can choose the layer stranded fiber optic cable; horizontal cabling, the choice can branch fiber optic cable, transmission distance is less than 2km, to select multi-mode fiber optic cable more than 2km free relay, or use single-mode fiber optic cable.

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What is Fiber Optic Attenuator?

Fiber optic attenuator is used in the fiber optic links to reduce the optical power at a certain level. FiberStore supply Fiber Optic Attenuator FC, SC/APC, ST, PC, LC, UPC, MU, FC/APC, SC, LC/APC, fixed value plug type fiber optic attenuators with different attenuation level, from 1dB to 30dB.

Commonly used fiber optic attenuators are the female to male type, which is also called a plug fiber attenuator. They are with ceramic ferrules and there are various types to fit different kinds of fiber optic connectors. Fixed value fiber optic attenuator can reduce the optical light power at a fixed level, for example, a 2dB SC APC fiber optic attenuator. Variable fiber optic attenuators are with adjustable attenuation range. There are also attenuation fiber optic patch cables available, their function is same as attenuators and are used inline.

Sometimes in the fiber optic network ,people may need to reduce or balance the power of the light transmitted from one device to another device ,fiber optic attenuators are used in such cases, they are able to control the output of the fiber light power level.Fiber optic attenuator are used for reducing the power of the light in the fiber optic network. we supply two types fiber optic attenuator, fixed value fiber optic attenuator refer to the attenuator that can reduce the power of fiber light at a fixed value loss, for example, 2dB. While adjustable fiber optic attenuator refer to the attenuator that can generate a adjustable Loss to the fiber optic link. our fiber attenuator series include:SC ,FC,LC,ST ,MU,SC/APC ,FC/APC,single mode fiber optic attenuator and multimode fiber optic attenuator available.Our fiber optic attenuators are manufactured according to international standard and are compartible with the fiber optic products currently available in the international market.

Our fiber optic attenuators are manufactured according to industrial standards, and they are 100% strictly tested during the production. These fiber optic attenuators are prompt delivery and good prices.

fiber optic attenuator features:

Environmentally stable
Easy installation
Custom designed specifications
Low return loss
Readily panel mountable
Compact packing

fiber optic attenuator applications:
Telecommunications
LAN
CATV
Fiber optic sensors
Testing instruments
FTTH
Multi-channel subscriber loop
Optical transmission system

A brief breakdown of the fiber optics Technological Innovation

Discover how fiber optics are made and the performance advantage in terms of your life in an interesting work of genius, together with science. Optical fiber can inventories, which light is transmitted and created a lot of money invested at extremely slim cup and plastic fibers enclosed in a TV. A special stop is a source of sunshine and the opposite end is really a camera lens, can be used to route light and images around the corners and edges. Optical fiber with a very translucent plastic cups and decorated all primary hvac Milwaukee as a protective “coat” means. Gentle is activated by a resource on a single stop in dietary fiber and how the light falls on the TV, maybe it is the special lining on the inside to hold all. The big money in terms of fiber optics may be bent as twisted even without the muffler style, since the casing is made, the surface reflects light in your photos. This fiber optic light source is capable of transporting more than bulk mileage from a few centimeters to about 16th century mls.On May 2012 Your smile warms the greatest depths of the self.

There are two kinds of fiber optics. The single-mode fiber diet is used for the top-speed and long-distance transmission, because they’ve got extremely tiny cores and recognize, so they only light along the axis of the fibers.Typical SC fiber optic adapter are with plastic housing and single mode SC/UPC adapter is blue color, single mode SC/APC adapter is green color, multimode SC/UPC adapter is beige color Small lasers deliver light into the fiber dieting, tend to use their low-loss fitting to his character for the special fibers within the program without drastic deterioration of the lighting. Then there are multi-mode, the larger cores and confirm light emitted from a number of angles, which can be used much more kinds of light-solutions. Fiber optic multi-mode and more affordable faucets, but they can no longer be used as long as the mileage special single-mode fiber-optics.

Optical fiber using a large number of exploits. Most popular and are traditionally used in interaction programs that have fiber optic interaction programs on a variety features that make it more specific to the programs that render the use of standard copper cable. The use of fiber optics using such programs have a greater information carrying capacity in which they are not combined with an electric motor and amplifier interference call for less then a copper wire harassment programs.China Optical Distribution Frame. Henan Zhang Jixiang feather information mill Siheung eighties in the last century. Fiber interaction programs tend to put in large systems in terms of diet LWL Packets are everywhere on the globe and in many cases within the oceans. Many dietary fiber optic testers are for sale to provide you with the best dietary fiber optic products.

While fiber optic laser interaction programs will be disseminated widely in order to communicate in simple numerical control transfer by pulsating off and on at great speeds. This rule could set a new tone of voice, or perhaps an electrical document contain text message, figures and illustrations, simply with fiber optics. The illumination for many lasers are usually added to one another on only one optical fiber is a plurality of voltages of data that is passed via a single fiber light guide at a time. This information can cross the special dietary fiber optics and especially in design gadgets that particular turn to the communication back to the way of its unique character. Industrial sectors have fiber optics can also measure temps, using pressure, speed and power, under a variety of additional.

Using The Proper Fiber Optic Tools

Did it cross your mind that traditional tools we use around the house are no longer able to help us with many things that we need to do? This challenge is not only common for lay people but also for professionals. When it comes to fiber optic tools, they are a kind that keeps evolving all the time.

If you are in to fiber optics industry, you will know that fiber optics are not something that you can live without. The most basic tool that any technician should carry is a VFL, also known as Visual Fault Locator.

Many experts agree that a lot of work can be done using a Visual Fault Locator however it is a painfully long and energy wrenching job because much manual work needs to be done section by section. Checking a fiber optic cable inch by inch could also bring about damages, therefore, experts suggest that fiber optic technicians use proper fiber optic tools.

Common fiber optic tools such as a high quality launch cables and optical time domain reflector will save a lot of time and money for you while giving you the opportunity to spot out the problem at one go.However, when it comes to choosing fiber optic tools, you ought to consider your compentency level and the requirement because not just any fiber optic tools will suit your need.

Internet is full of resources on how to fix fiber optics and associated issues. But if you are involving in such things out of curiosity without any background knowledge of what you are doing, you should probably stop and think twice. So unless you are two hundred percent sure that you could use do it yourself fiber optic tools in to repairing your system, do not get involved!

A fiber optic technician would charge quite a bulk charge but if you try to accomplish the task on your own without qualifications to do so, you may end up damaging the whole system. Therefore, be careful when you meddle around with fiber optic tools. All major hardware stores and retailers will sell fiber optic tools and you may be able to find them even at local stores. So good luck hunting for those fiber optic tool!